Dog Treats For Labradoodles: The Top 10 Picks for Sensitive Tummies in 2025

If you share your life with a Labradoodle, you already know the breed’s super-power: an exuberant zest for food that can flip from adorable to “uh-oh” in the time it takes to scarf down a stolen sandwich. That happy-go-lucky appetite, however, is often paired with a famously sensitive digestive tract. One wrong ingredient and you’re mopping the carpet, coaxing a picky eater, or scheduling an emergency vet visit. Choosing the right treats isn’t just about pampering—it’s pivotal for keeping tails wagging, stools firm, coats glossy, and immune systems calm.

This guide walks you through everything you need to know before you click add to cart or toss a new bag into your in-store basket. We’ll unpack why Labradoodles are prone to tummy upset, which functional ingredients can heal rather than harm, how labels disguise potential triggers, and the exact nutrients that help nourish skin, joints, and gut bacteria while your dog enjoys a well-earned snack. By the time you finish reading, you’ll have a mental checklist sharper than your Doodle’s scissors bite—no product lists required.

Top 10 Dog Treats For Labradoodles

Milk-Bone Soft & Chewy Chicken Recipe Dog Treats, 25 Ounces (1 Count) Milk-Bone Soft & Chewy Chicken Recipe Dog Treats, 25 Ounces … Check Price
Portland Pet Food Company Pumpkin Dog Treats Healthy Biscuits for Small Medium & Large Dogs - Grain-Free, Human-Grade, All Natural Cookies, Snacks & Puppy Training Treats - Made in The USA - 5 oz Portland Pet Food Company Pumpkin Dog Treats Healthy Biscuit… Check Price
Good ‘n’ Fun Triple Flavor Kabobs Chews for All Dogs, 18 Count, Treat Your Dog to Chews Made from Beef Hide, Real Chicken, Pork Hide, Duck and Chicken Liver Good ‘n’ Fun Triple Flavor Kabobs Chews for All Dogs, 18 Cou… Check Price
Blue Buffalo Nudges Homestyle Natural Dog Treats, Made in the USA with Real Chicken, Peas, and Carrots, 16-oz. Bag Blue Buffalo Nudges Homestyle Natural Dog Treats, Made in th… Check Price
Waggin' Train Duck Jerky Tenders for Sensitive Stomach for Dogs - 12 oz Pouch - Grain Free, High Protein Dog Treat Waggin’ Train Duck Jerky Tenders for Sensitive Stomach for D… Check Price
Pur Luv Dog Treats, K9 Kabobs for Dogs Made with Real Chicken, Duck, and Sweet Potato, 12 Ounces, Healthy, Easily Digestible, Long-Lasting, High Protein Dog Treat, Satisfies Dog's Urge to Chew Pur Luv Dog Treats, K9 Kabobs for Dogs Made with Real Chicke… Check Price
Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets Gentle Snackers Hydrolyzed Plus Low Fat Dog Treats - 8 oz. Pouch Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets Gentle Snackers Hydrolyzed … Check Price
Rachael Ray Nutrish Burger Bites Dog Treats, Beef Recipe With Bison, 12 oz. Pouch Rachael Ray Nutrish Burger Bites Dog Treats, Beef Recipe Wit… Check Price
iPaw Sweet Potato Chews, Single Ingredient Dog Treats for Vegetarian, All Natural Human Grade Puppy Chew, Rawhide Alternative, Hypoallergenic, Easy to Digest iPaw Sweet Potato Chews, Single Ingredient Dog Treats for Ve… Check Price
Hartz Oinkies Smoked Twists with Naturally Smoked Pork Rawhide-Free Dog Treats, Highly Digestible Long Lasting Dog Chews, 40 Count Hartz Oinkies Smoked Twists with Naturally Smoked Pork Rawhi… Check Price

Detailed Product Reviews

1. Milk-Bone Soft & Chewy Chicken Recipe Dog Treats, 25 Ounces (1 Count)

Milk-Bone Soft & Chewy Chicken Recipe Dog Treats, 25 Ounces (1 Count)


Overview: Milk-Bone’s 25-oz soft-chew nuggets deliver classic brand nostalgia in a tender, chicken-forward format that even senior dogs or tiny pups can wolf down without a fuss.
What Makes It Stand Out: The 12 added vitamins & minerals turn an everyday reward into a pocket-size nutritional supplement, while the resealable plastic tub keeps the chews soft for months.
Value for Money: Bulk size plus mainstream availability usually lands the price under $15; for nearly 2 lb of U.S.-made chews, that’s budget-friendly compared with boutique brands.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Dogs universally love the mild, rotisserie-chicken aroma; texture doesn’t crumble in pockets. However, the recipe hides sugar and glycerin high on the panel, and protein is only 12%.
Bottom Line: A convenient, wallet-smart staple for households with multiple dogs or heavy treat users—just balance portions if you’re watching calories.



2. Portland Pet Food Company Pumpkin Dog Treats Healthy Biscuits for Small Medium & Large Dogs – Grain-Free, Human-Grade, All Natural Cookies, Snacks & Puppy Training Treats – Made in The USA – 5 oz

Portland Pet Food Company Pumpkin Dog Treats Healthy Biscuits for Small Medium & Large Dogs - Grain-Free, Human-Grade, All Natural Cookies, Snacks & Puppy Training Treats - Made in The USA - 5 oz


Overview: Portland Pet Food’s crunchy pumpkin biscuits read like a farmers-market cookie: organic pumpkin, garbanzo flour, peanut butter, cinnamon, and little else.
What Makes It Stand Out: Human-grade, grain-free, vegan, and only seven ingredients—ideal for allergy dogs—and the 5-oz pouch is small-batch baked in Oregon.
Value for Money: At $9.99 for 5 oz you’re north of $30/lb, so these are “garnish” snacks rather than everyday training kibble.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Snap-easy texture works from Great Danes to Chihuahuas; zero preservatives or common triggers. Pricey per ounce, and the low-fat profile may bore super-motivated food hounds.
Bottom Line: A clean, ethical splurge for sensitive or vegetarian-leaning pups—keep a bag on hand for guests or tummy-upset days.



3. Good ‘n’ Fun Triple Flavor Kabobs Chews for All Dogs, 18 Count, Treat Your Dog to Chews Made from Beef Hide, Real Chicken, Pork Hide, Duck and Chicken Liver

Good ‘n’ Fun Triple Flavor Kabobs Chews for All Dogs, 18 Count, Treat Your Dog to Chews Made from Beef Hide, Real Chicken, Pork Hide, Duck and Chicken Liver


Overview: Good ’n’ Fun stacks five animal proteins—beef hide, pork hide, chicken, duck, and chicken liver—onto a 5-inch kabob that doubles as a dental flossing session.
What Makes It Stand Out: The novelty skewer shape plus triple protein wrap keeps strong chewers engaged far longer than single-flavor rawhide.
Value for Money: 18 chews for $8.99 pencils out to about 50¢ each—middling cost for an extended chew, but cheaper than boutique bully sticks.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Long-lasting; noticeably reduces tartar. Contains traditional rawhide, so skip if your vet advises against it and supervise closely to prevent gulping.
Bottom Line: A crowd-pleasing, chew-time extender for moderate to aggressive chewers—just monitor intake and serve on easy-to-clean floors.



4. Blue Buffalo Nudges Homestyle Natural Dog Treats, Made in the USA with Real Chicken, Peas, and Carrots, 16-oz. Bag

Blue Buffalo Nudges Homestyle Natural Dog Treats, Made in the USA with Real Chicken, Peas, and Carrots, 16-oz. Bag


Overview: Blue Buffalo Nudges look like diced home-style stew: real U.S.-raised chicken is the first ingredient, backed by visible peas and carrots.
What Makes It Stand Out: Soft, jerky-like squares can be torn into any size without crumbing, making one 16-oz bag stretch across multi-dog households or training class.
Value for Money: Roughly $13 per pound sits in the sweet spot between grocery-store cookies and premium single-protein jerkies.
Strengths and Weaknesses: No corn, wheat, soy, or artificial preservatives; aroma entices even picky seniors. Texture dries out if the zipper isn’t sealed, and the sugar/molasses level may irk strict clean feeders.
Bottom Line: A versatile, USA-made “meat-first” reward you can share from pocket during walks—reseal tight and you’ll finish the bag before it hardens.



5. Waggin’ Train Duck Jerky Tenders for Sensitive Stomach for Dogs – 12 oz Pouch – Grain Free, High Protein Dog Treat

Waggin' Train Duck Jerky Tenders for Sensitive Stomach for Dogs - 12 oz Pouch - Grain Free, High Protein Dog Treat


Overview: Waggin’ Train jerky strips deliver single-protein duck breast in a grain-free, 12-oz pouch fortified with prebiotic fiber for pups prone to tummy rumbles.
What Makes It Stand Out: Only three ingredients—duck, vegetable glycerin, prebiotic—yet still pliable enough to break into tiny training morsels.
Value for Money: $10.99 per 12 oz runs about 92¢/oz, competitive with other limited-ingredient jerkies and cheaper than most novel-protein boutique bars.
Strengths and Weaknesses: 100% digestible for dogs with chicken or beef allergies; fiber keeps stools consistent. Thin strips can stick together in humid climates, and duck scent is strong for human noses.
Bottom Line: A trustworthy, limited-ingredient chew for allergy-prone or sensitive-stomach dogs—rip, reward, and watch the tail keep wagging.


6. Pur Luv Dog Treats, K9 Kabobs for Dogs Made with Real Chicken, Duck, and Sweet Potato, 12 Ounces, Healthy, Easily Digestible, Long-Lasting, High Protein Dog Treat, Satisfies Dog’s Urge to Chew

Pur Luv Dog Treats, K9 Kabobs for Dogs Made with Real Chicken, Duck, and Sweet Potato, 12 Ounces, Healthy, Easily Digestible, Long-Lasting, High Protein Dog Treat, Satisfies Dog's Urge to Chew

Overview: Pur Luv K9 Kabobs deliver a carnival-on-a-stick experience for dogs, threading real chicken, duck, and sweet potato onto beefhide skewers. Each 12-ounce pouch holds roughly 10 kabobs designed to satisfy power chewers while sneaking in premium protein and fiber.

What Makes It Stand Out: Triple-protein layering (chicken liver adds gourmet depth) is rarely seen in mid-priced chews, and the sweet-potato core replaces the usual rawhide stick, trimming digestion time and calorie load.

Value for Money: At about $1.25 per kabob you’re paying chew-toy rental plus dinner—cheaper than boutique bully sticks yet higher quality than grocery-aisle rawhide.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Dogs adore the smoky aroma; the layered meat keeps jaws busy 10-20 minutes. Limited-ingredient label fits allergy-watchers. Downside: beefhide outer still presents a gulping risk for vigorous chewers, and fingers pick up a greasy film during handling.

Bottom Line: Great middle-ground chew for owners who want rawhide longevity without the 100% rawhide baggage—just supervise and toss the nub.


7. Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets Gentle Snackers Hydrolyzed Plus Low Fat Dog Treats – 8 oz. Pouch

Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets Gentle Snackers Hydrolyzed Plus Low Fat Dog Treats - 8 oz. Pouch

Overview: Purina Pro Plan Gentle Snackers are prescription-level crunchy biscuits built for the food-sensitive, weight-watching dog. An 8-ounce pouch contains roughly 60 low-fat squares made from hydrolyzed soy protein that the immune system can’t “see,” so reactions stay quiet.

What Makes It Stand Out: Single hydrolyzed protein plus ultra-low 3% fat makes this one of the few treats vets routinely pair with elimination diets or pancreatitis protocols—yet the taste passes the picky-eater test.

Value for Money: $12 for half a pound feels steep, but vet bills from a flare-up cost far more; spread across months of sporadic rewarding, peace of mind justifies the tariff.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Virtually no GI upset reported; crunch helps clean teeth. Negatives: barn-yard smell straight from the bag, small size (large dogs inhale), and requirement for slow resealing to prevent staleness.

Bottom Line: If your dog’s system walks a dietary tightrope, these are the safety-net biscuits to stock—budget pain today, belly calm tomorrow.


8. Rachael Ray Nutrish Burger Bites Dog Treats, Beef Recipe With Bison, 12 oz. Pouch

Rachael Ray Nutrish Burger Bites Dog Treats, Beef Recipe With Bison, 12 oz. Pouch

Overview: Rachael Ray Nutrish Burger Bites shrink a drive-thru burger into soft, grain-free nuggets. Real U.S. beef leads the ingredient list, supported by bison for a novel-protein twist. Each 12-ounce resealable pouch holds about 150 dime-sized rewards.

What Makes It Stand Out: Celebrity-chef branding aside, the treats deliver butcher-shop aroma at big-box prices and skip fillers like corn, soy, or poultry by-product meal—a cleaner junk-food vibe dogs go crazy for.

Value for Money: Retail price hovers near ten bucks (currently showing N/A online), landing well below boutique soft chews while offering USA sourcing and a trustworthy protein split.

Strengths and Weaknesses: High palatability means recall training success; soft texture lets seniors gum without struggle. Watch-outs: pouches can arrive half-crumbs, calorie load adds up quickly during marathon sessions, and smoky smell clings to pockets.

Bottom Line: For everyday high-value motivation—especially for picky, grain-sensitive, or elder pups—these mini-burgers punch far above their weight class.


9. iPaw Sweet Potato Chews, Single Ingredient Dog Treats for Vegetarian, All Natural Human Grade Puppy Chew, Rawhide Alternative, Hypoallergenic, Easy to Digest

iPaw Sweet Potato Chews, Single Ingredient Dog Treats for Vegetarian, All Natural Human Grade Puppy Chew, Rawhide Alternative, Hypoallergenic, Easy to Digest

Overview: iPaw Sweet Potato Chews transform whole USA sweet potatoes into jerky-like strips—nothing else. The 3.5-ounce bag yields 10-12 dense ribbons packed with beta-carotene, fiber, and natural sugars that dogs crave.

What Makes It Stand Out: Single-ingredient simplicity, vegetarian ethics, and a chew-time rivaling rawhide without the blockage horror stories make this a go-to for allergy或是在multi-dog households.

Value for Money: $13 looks eye-watering per ounce, yet each strip replaces expensive dental chews or riskier bones; price drops further with available subscribe discounts.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Slow-dried texture scrapes tartar; sweet aroma pleases humans too. Cons: inconsistent thickness means some pieces finish in seconds, orange residue on carpets, and pups with diabetes need portion control due to natural sugars.

Bottom Line: If you’re hunting a plant-based, hypoallergenic chew that entertains while boosting vision and gut health, these orange ribbons beat rawhide paws down.


10. Hartz Oinkies Smoked Twists with Naturally Smoked Pork Rawhide-Free Dog Treats, Highly Digestible Long Lasting Dog Chews, 40 Count

Hartz Oinkies Smoked Twists with Naturally Smoked Pork Rawhide-Free Dog Treats, Highly Digestible Long Lasting Dog Chews, 40 Count

Overview: Hartz Oinkies Smoked Twists wrap natural pigskin into 40 tight corkscrews, oven-baking and hickory-smoking them until aromatic. Free of beef rawhide yet collagen-rich, the 40-count carton suits multi-dog homes or long-term pantry stocking.

What Makes It Stand Out: Collagen-dense pigskin delivers rawhide-style chew duration with superior digestibility—lab data shows 95% break-down in 24 hours—melting worry about intestinal knots.

Value for Money: Roughly 65¢ per twist undercuts rawhide-free competitors like SmartBones, while the resealable carton keeps product fresh for months.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Dogs engage 15-30 minutes; smoking supports dental abrasion; no bleach or artificial colors. Cautions: greasy exterior attracts floor debris, smell strong for human noses, and pigskin can still chip if a chomper bites straight through rather than gnaws.

Bottom Line: For owners who want rawhide’s chew clock without digestive roulette, Oinkies offer a porky, pocket-friendly solution—just ration to avoid calorie creep.


Understanding the Labradoodle Digestive System

The Genetic Cocktail Behind Sensitive Stomachs

Labradoodles inherit traits from both working-line Labradors (robust eaters with a tendency toward dietary indiscretion) and Poodles (finicky, sometimes stress-reactive digesters). Add hybrid-vigor unpredictability and you get a gut that can swing from iron-clad to fragile overnight. Knowledge of this ancestry helps explain why one doodle can digest anything while littermates respond to the slightest formula tweak with diarrhea or reflux.

Common Gut Irritants in Modern Treats

Cheap treats often lean on wheat gluten, corn syrup, BHA, or unspecified “animal digest” to glue flavors together and hit a low price point. These additives ferment rapidly in the large intestine, creating gas and osmotic diarrhea—classic signs of a sensitive tummy flare-up.

Functional Ingredients That Soothe Instead of Stir Up

Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Postbiotics Explained

Many 2025 treat lines now include three-tier microbiome support. Live probiotics (like Bacillus coagulans) seed the gut with helpful microbes; prebiotic fibers (chicory root, pumpkin, beta-glucan) feed them; postbiotics (heat-killed ferments) deliver anti-inflammatory metabolites directly. Combining all three in a single treat accelerates recovery after antibiotic courses, boarding stress, or diet transitions.

Novel Proteins and Hydrolyzed Options

Kangaroo, rabbit, goat, or insect protein isn’t a gimmick—it’s an insurance policy against chicken or beef intolerances. Hydrolyzation breaks protein strands into tiny peptides that fly under the immune system’s radar, lowering the odds of an adverse reaction while still delivering vital amino acids for muscle maintenance.

Label Red Flags Every Owner Should Memorize

If you spot “meat and animal derivatives,” “digest,” “glycols,” or artificial colors ending in -dye, place the bag back on the shelf. These euphemisms conceal low-grade trimmings sprayed with flavor enhancers that can inflame both skin and gut within hours.

Nutritional Balance: Why Treats Aren’t Just Junk Food Anymore

Modern functional treats mirror complete diet profiles. Look for a minimum of 20–25% high-value protein, 8–10% healthy fat, low glycemic carbs (chickpea, sweet potato, millet), plus targeted micronutrients such as zinc methionine for skin, glucosamine for joints, and taurine for cardiac health. By matching these levels you can reward liberally without unbalancing the overall daily ration.

Texture, Size, and Chew Time: Dental Benefits for Doodles

Labradoodles crunch with carnassial force but also collect hair around molars during grooming. Treats engineered with a fibrous matrix (think dehydrated fish skin ridges or collagen braids) scrub plaque while flossing interdental spaces. Optimum chew duration is 15–30 seconds—long enough for mechanical cleaning, short enough to avoid gulping or calorie overload.

Calorie Density and Daily Allowance Math

A 45-lb adult Labradoodle on 900 kcal maintenance should receive no more than 10% (90 kcal) from treats. Many premium treats now list “kcal per piece” so you can deftly swap two crunchy bites for a dental chew without blowing the budget. Round up to the nearest five calories and log it in your tracking app—your waistline-minded vet will thank you.

Novel Carbohydrate Sources That Lower Inflammation

Think beyond rice and oats. Blueberries combined with gluten-free ancient grains like teff or sorghum supply antioxidant polyphenols plus resistant starch that ferments into butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid shown in 2024 canine studies to tighten intestinal barrier function and reduce allergy markers.

How to Introduce a New Treat Without Wrecking the Gut

Follow the 25% Rule: Days 1–3, replace a quarter of old rewards with the new option while keeping total treat calories equal. Watch stool quality, gas levels, itching, and ear odor. If all stays quiet, progress to 50%, 75%, then 100% by week two. Sudden swaps remain the number-one cause of acute colitis in otherwise healthy doodles.

Allergy vs Intolerance: Spotting the Difference

True food allergies trigger IgE-mediated responses—facial swelling, hives, or anaphylaxis—typically within minutes. Food intolerances, on the other hand, are dose-dependent and delayed up to 48 hours, presenting as soft stools, red paws, or ear goo. Identifying the correct mechanism saves you from chasing the wrong elimination diet for months.

Role of Fiber Type: Soluble, Insoluble, and Fermentable

Soluble fiber (psyllium, pumpkin) forms a gel that slows diarrhea; insoluble cellulose speeds transit in constipated dogs. Moderately fermentable fibers (beet pulp, inulin) strike a balance: feeding good bacteria while adding stool bulk. Matching fiber class to symptom is half the therapeutic battle.

Joint-Friendly Additives for Energetic Doodles

Labradoodles love parkour at the beach or agility in the yard, which stresses developing joints. Look for treats spiked with 400–500 mg glucosamine + 200 mg chondroitin per 30 lb body weight, plus omega-3s (EPA/DHA ≥ 70 mg combined) to quell workout inflammation without exceeding 5 kcal per nibble.

Sustainability and Ethical Sourcing in 2025 Treat Trends

Consumers increasingly ask, “Who caught the fish?” Ocean-wise certification, regenerative farming audits, and insect protein raised on fruit waste illustrate how treat makers are slashing carbon paw-prints. Environmentally conscious sourcing often parallels elimination of chemical preservatives, a double win for sensitive digestion.

Homemade Options: Safety, Storage, and Balanced Ratios

DIY treats let you manage every ingredient, but watch mineral balance. A single tablespoon of chia per cup of baked dough provides omega-3s without risking selenium overdose from too much salmon. Freeze in meal-size portions to prevent rancidity; vacuum-sealed bags keep omega fats stable for three months.

Reading Batch Numbers, Manufacturing Dates, and Expiry Windows

Premium brands laser-print manufacture date, plant code, and nutrient-retention promise. Fresher fats equal tastier rewards and lower oxidative stress on the GI lining. Rule of thumb: aim to finish any opened bag within 45 days and buy bags sized for no more than a six-week supply.

Budgeting for Quality: Cost per Reward vs Cost per Calorie

Cheap biscuits at $4 per pound seem thrifty until you realize each treat delivers 35 kcal—breaking down to 8¢ for only one training repetition. A $14 freeze-dried bag at 4 kcal per square costs 12¢ yet motivates better and lasts five times longer for obedience work. Divide sticker price by total training units, not bag weight alone.

Transitioning Puppies, Adults, and Senior Doodles: Age-Specific Guidance

Pups need lower-fat, calcium-controlled rewards (pancreatic lipase is still maturing). Adults thrive on varied protein rotation. Seniors digest less efficiently; look for added digestive enzymes and softer textures. A lifetime approach prevents age-linked surprises and keeps enthusiastic eating safe at every stage.

Storage and Handling Tips to Keep Homemade or Store-Bought Treats Fresh

Whole-food treats lack commercial preservatives, so oxidation and mold spores are your enemies. Glass jars with silicone seals, desiccant packs, and cold-storage (≤38 °F) slow rancidity. Label each container with preparation date in painter’s tape—adhesives stay put through freezer frost.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How many treats can my Labradoodle have per day without gaining weight?
Calculate 10% of daily caloric allowance, divide by kcal per treat, then round down to the nearest whole piece.

2. Are grain-free treats automatically better for sensitive digestion?
Not necessarily. Some dogs react to protein source, not grain. Grain-free chickpea or lentil formulas can still trigger GI upset in legume-sensitive pets.

3. Can I give human foods like banana, blueberries, or carrot as treats?
Yes—in moderation. Wash produce, remove peels if waxed, and factor sugar content into overall daily calories, especially for bananas.

4. Is freeze-dried raw safer than traditional rawhide?
Generally yes, provided you source from reputable suppliers who test for pathogens. Rawhide can swell in the stomach, risking obstruction.

5. What’s the best way to track whether a new treat is working?
Jot stool quality on a 1–7 scale daily for two weeks; pair with photos of coat and ear condition to correlate any changes.

6. Do dental chews replace tooth brushing?
They reduce plaque by 20–30% but mechanical brushing remains the gold standard. Use both for optimal oral health.

7. How long should I wait to introduce another new treat after one is accepted?
Wait 14 days between any novel additions so you can isolate the culprit if reactions arise.

8. Are probiotics destroyed during baked treat manufacturing?
Some brands micro-encapsulate strains to survive 400 °F for short durations; others spray probiotics onto cooled coatings. Check label claims for CFU guarantees “at end of shelf life.”

9. My doodle is itchy but stools are fine—could treats still be the problem?
Absolutely. Skin manifestations can precede GI signs. Consider an elimination diet with single-protein, limited-ingredient rewards for 8–12 weeks.

10. Should training treats for agility be different from couch-potato couch rewards?
High-drive sport dogs benefit from rapidly absorbed, low-fat carbs (honey-stick purées) plus electrolytes mid-session, whereas sedentary pets need leaner, lower-calorie options to avoid weight creep.

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *