Dog Toys Light Up Ball: The 10 Best for Dazzling Night Fetch in 2026

Imagine the sun has dipped below the horizon, the park lights are still warming up, and your dog is already bouncing at your feet, ready for round two of fetch. A glowing sphere arcs through the dusk, tracing a neon streak that keeps your pup locked on target and keeps you from fumbling in the dark. That’s the magic of a well-designed light-up ball: it turns every evening walk into a dazzling play session while giving you the peace of mind that comes from never losing sight of your best friend.

But not every illuminated orb is worthy of your dog’s teeth—or your throw. From battery life to bite resistance, the devil is in the details when you’re shopping for a toy that has to survive slobber, shocks, and the occasional dip in a muddy puddle. Below, we’ll unpack everything you need to know before you invest in 2025’s next generation of glow-fetch gear.

Top 10 Dog Toys Light Up Ball

Ousiya 6 Pack 2.5 Ousiya 6 Pack 2.5″ Light Up Squeaky Dog Balls, Spiky Dog Toy… Check Price
Nerf Dog Bash Ball Dog Toy with Interactive LED, Lightweight, Durable and Water Resistant, 3.5 Inches, for Medium/Large Breeds, Single Unit, Green Nerf Dog Bash Ball Dog Toy with Interactive LED, Lightweight… Check Price
Xeuch Light Up Dog Balls, LED Dog Toy Ball Rechargeable, Bounce-Activated Durable Fetch Ball Grow in The Dark, Night Glowing Toy, Natural Rubber, Color Changing LED, 2.5 inches-Orange Xeuch Light Up Dog Balls, LED Dog Toy Ball Rechargeable, Bou… Check Price
2 Pieces 2.5 2 Pieces 2.5″ Light up LED Dog Toy Ball Elastic Flashing Glo… Check Price
4 Pieces Light up Squeaky Dog Balls LED Flashing Light up Ball for Aggressive Chewers Glow in The Dark Flashing Ball Pet Squeaky Toy Bounce Activated Toy for Medium Small Dogs 4 Pieces Light up Squeaky Dog Balls LED Flashing Light up Ba… Check Price
Gnawsome 4.5” Spiky Squeak & Light Ball Dog Toy - Extra Large, Cleans teeth and Promotes Dental and Gum Health for Your Pet, Colors will vary, All Breed Sizes Gnawsome 4.5” Spiky Squeak & Light Ball Dog Toy – Extra Larg… Check Price
Outward Hound by Planet Dog Strobe Light Up LED Ball Dog Toy, Blue Outward Hound by Planet Dog Strobe Light Up LED Ball Dog Toy… Check Price
Leejec Dog Toys, 2.5 Leejec Dog Toys, 2.5″ Interactive Light up Balls, Chew Toys … Check Price
HSIGIO 3.5 HSIGIO 3.5″ Light Up Squeaky Dog Balls,Led Dog Balls 6 Color… Check Price
6-Pack 3.5” LED Light-Up Squeaky Dog Toy Balls ,Durable Interactive Glow Fetch Toys for Aggressive Chewers,BPA Free Non-Toxic, Spiky Puppy Chew Balls 6-Pack 3.5” LED Light-Up Squeaky Dog Toy Balls ,Durable Inte… Check Price

Detailed Product Reviews

1. Ousiya 6 Pack 2.5″ Light Up Squeaky Dog Balls, Spiky Dog Toy Balls for Puppy Small,Medium Dogs

Ousiya 6 Pack 2.5

Overview:
The Ousiya 6-Pack Light-Up Squeaky Dog Balls bundle gives small-to-medium pups a carnival of color, sound, and flash. Each 2.5-inch spiky sphere combines a squeaker, motion-activated LEDs, and gum-massaging texture in a TPR rubber body that floats for pool or yard fetch.

What Makes It Stand Out:
You get six different hues that glow and squeak on every bite or bounce, turning dusk play into a light show. The soft spikes clean teeth, while the low price equates to about $1.65 per ball—cheap enough to keep a couple in the car, the couch, and the park bag.

Value for Money:
At $9.99 for six, this is disposable-toy territory yet the rubber survives weeks of moderate chewing before the squeaker or LED finally drowns in saliva. Comparable single LED balls cost $4-6, so quantity alone is a win.

Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: bright lights, attractive squeak, floatable, gentle on puppy gums, instant six-toy rotation.
Cons: not for power chewers—supervise or the plastic core cracks; battery is sealed, so once the light dies the ball is “plain”; inconsistent flash duration.

Bottom Line:
Perfect for gentle mouths or as high-value fetch rewards you won’t mourn when one rolls under the fence. Buy, play, replace—repeat.



2. Nerf Dog Bash Ball Dog Toy with Interactive LED, Lightweight, Durable and Water Resistant, 3.5 Inches, for Medium/Large Breeds, Single Unit, Green

Nerf Dog Bash Ball Dog Toy with Interactive LED, Lightweight, Durable and Water Resistant, 3.5 Inches, for Medium/Large Breeds, Single Unit, Green

Overview:
Nerf’s Bash Ball scales the brand’s trademark foam toughness into a 3.5-inch dog fetch toy whose impact triggers a pulsing green LED. Designed for medium/large breeds, the hollow sphere is lightweight, water-resistant, and covered in tactile bumps that resist dirt pickup.

What Makes It Stand Out:
Single-piece construction means no glued squeaker to swallow, and the LED module is screwed into a recessed port—easy to rinse after lake retrieves. The size lands between tennis and softball, discouraging the “crunch-and-swallow” habit smaller glowing balls invite.

Value for Money:
$11.99 for one ball feels steep versus bulk packs, but Nerf-grade durability stretches its life for weeks of daily fetch, making the nightly LED feature essentially free compared with replacing cheaper dead balls.

Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: big-dog safe size, weather-proof electronics, bright steady flash visible 100 ft, bounces on concrete without cracking.
Cons: no squeak means less engagement for solo play; foam can be gouged by true heavy chewers; battery non-replaceable.

Bottom Line:
If your Lab or Shepherd lives for long-distance fetch after dark, this is the reliable, easy-to-spot launcher ball to own.



3. Xeuch Light Up Dog Balls, LED Dog Toy Ball Rechargeable, Bounce-Activated Durable Fetch Ball Grow in The Dark, Night Glowing Toy, Natural Rubber, Color Changing LED, 2.5 inches-Orange

Xeuch Light Up Dog Balls, LED Dog Toy Ball Rechargeable, Bounce-Activated Durable Fetch Ball Grow in The Dark, Night Glowing Toy, Natural Rubber, Color Changing LED, 2.5 inches-Orange

Overview:
Xeuch’s rechargeable LED ball brings premium tech to twilight fetch. A 2.5-inch natural-rubber sphere bursts into color-shifting LEDs the instant it hits the ground; a 10-minute USB-C top-up yields an hour of continuous glow.

What Makes It Stand Out:
Unlike disposable-button-cell toys, this one’s sealed lithium battery is recharged through a waterproof silicone flap, giving eco-minded owners an alternative to throwaway light-ups. Two modes—steady rainbow or motion-reactive strobe—keep dogs mesmerized.

Value for Money:
At $17.99 it costs triple a squeaky six-pack, but the math changes after the fifth free recharge. Factor in food-grade rubber that survives aggressive jaws and the price becomes a mid-range investment rather than a splurge.

Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: USB-C fast charge, 10-hr max runtime, waterproof, tennis-ball compatible launchers, replaceable core sold separately.
Cons: too small for giant breeds; charger port can collect grit if not dried properly; battery slowly loses capacity after months.

Bottom Line:
For tech-savvy owners who walk dogs after work and hate waste, Xeuch is the smartest glowing fetch ball available.



4. 2 Pieces 2.5″ Light up LED Dog Toy Ball Elastic Flashing Glowing Interactive Toy Pet Color Ball Bounce-Activated for Small Medium Dogs and Puppies(Classic Style)

2 Pieces 2.5

Overview:
This two-count LED ball set keeps things simple: silicone-TPR spheres—one blue diamond, one swirl-pattern—that flash for ten seconds whenever they hit the floor. Sized for small-to-medium mouths, they slip into Chuckit! mini launchers yet remain soft enough for indoor skids across hardwood.

What Makes It Stand Out:
The bicolor approach offers texture variety; the diamond ball’s nubs massage gums while the smoother swirl version flies farther. Ten-second auto-shutoff preserves battery life so the LEDs don’t glow all night under the sofa.

Value for Money:
$8.99 for two equates to $4.50 each—half the price of big-brand solo LED balls. Batteries are sealed, but you’ll probably lose one in the bushes before it dies.

Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: gentle on furniture, quiet bounce, easy rinse-clean, attractive colorways, generous sizing tolerance.
Cons: not for strong chewers who can shear nubs off; lights dim noticeably after a week of heavy chomping; no squeaker.

Bottom Line:
A solid stocking stuffer or backup pair for gentle pups that need nighttime visibility without premium features.



5. 4 Pieces Light up Squeaky Dog Balls LED Flashing Light up Ball for Aggressive Chewers Glow in The Dark Flashing Ball Pet Squeaky Toy Bounce Activated Toy for Medium Small Dogs

4 Pieces Light up Squeaky Dog Balls LED Flashing Light up Ball for Aggressive Chewers Glow in The Dark Flashing Ball Pet Squeaky Toy Bounce Activated Toy for Medium Small Dogs

Overview:
Marketed toward “aggressive chewers,” this four-piece glowing set mixes textures—spiky, smooth, diamond-cut, and a built-in squeaker ball—each 2.2–3 inches across. Motion sensors trigger a 10-second disco of LEDs inside food-grade silicone/TPR shells intended to survive gnaw sessions longer than cheaper hollow balls.

What Makes It Stand Out:
Variety is the hook: rotate textures to prevent boredom or offer different resilience levels as your dog’s mood changes. The largest squeaker ball is rare among light-ups, giving auditory reward on top of visual.

Value for Money:
$16.99 for four lands at roughly $4.25 per ball—middle ground between bargain six-packs and single premium rechargeables. If even one ball outlasts a week of serious chewing, you’ve broken even versus daily dollar-store replacements.

Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: texture assortment, squeaker + LED combo, sizes fit small to medium jaws, washable.
Cons: despite “aggressive chewer” claim, determined dogs still pierce the squeaker within days; LED timing inconsistent across balls; packaging lists choking hazard—supervision mandatory.

Bottom Line:
Good variety box for moderate chewers who love both squeak and flash; power biters will still conquer them, but you’ll get more mileage and sparkle than standard plush toys.


6. Gnawsome 4.5” Spiky Squeak & Light Ball Dog Toy – Extra Large, Cleans teeth and Promotes Dental and Gum Health for Your Pet, Colors will vary, All Breed Sizes

Gnawsome 4.5” Spiky Squeak & Light Ball Dog Toy - Extra Large, Cleans teeth and Promotes Dental and Gum Health for Your Pet, Colors will vary, All Breed Sizes

Overview: The Gnawsome 4.5” Spiky Ball is a dental-health-focused squeak toy that doubles as a gum massager for dogs of all sizes. Royal Pets markets it as an indoor/outdoor entertainer made from food-grade, BPA-free TPR.

What Makes It Stand Out: The oversized 4.5-inch diameter and pronounced spiky nubs turn an ordinary squeaker ball into a toothbrush-style chew that can actually scrape plaque while dogs play—something most plush or smooth rubber balls can’t claim.

Value for Money: At $8.88 for a single, vet-recommended dental device that also replaces a squeaker fetch ball, the price is fair. Comparable silicone dental chews cost $10-15 and don’t squeak or float.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros: genuinely cleans teeth, soft enough for puppies yet tough enough for power chewers, waterproof, bright colors easy to spot. Cons: random color shipment, squeaker can die quickly with aggressive chewers, spikes trap slobber and dirt, strong rubber smell out of the package.

Bottom Line: Buy it if you want one toy that entertains, floats, and helps keep tartar down between brushings. Skip it if your dog is noise-sensitive or you hate mystery colors. Overall, a solid dual-purpose toy for under nine bucks.



7. Outward Hound by Planet Dog Strobe Light Up LED Ball Dog Toy, Blue

Outward Hound by Planet Dog Strobe Light Up LED Ball Dog Toy, Blue

Overview: Outward Hound’s Strobe Ball is a mint-scented, LED-lit fetch ball built from Planet Dog’s famous Orbee-Tuff compound. It activates a disco-like flash every time it hits the ground, extending playtime after sunset.

What Makes It Stand Out: Unlike cheaper glow toys, the motion-triggered LED is fully enclosed in ultra-durable, non-toxic rubber that also smells like mint to combat drool odor—an attention-to-detail perk most light-up balls skip.

Value for Money: $12.48 lands you a USA-made, safety-certified fetch ball with a sealed battery that lasts months. That’s only four dollars more than basic glow sticks you toss away after one night.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros: bright strobe visible 100+ ft, bounces high, floats, mouth-freshening scent, BPA/lead/phthalate-free. Cons: battery can’t be replaced, 2.5-inch size can choke giant breeds, slick surface gets slippery when wet, mint fades after a few weeks.

Bottom Line: Perfect for urban owners who walk dogs after work or campers who play fetch by firelight. Accept the sealed battery as the price of waterproof reliability and enjoy night fetch without flashlights.



8. Leejec Dog Toys, 2.5″ Interactive Light up Balls, Chew Toys for Medium and Small Breed, Rubber Durable Fetch Training Balls, Pet Birthday Gift, 3-Pack

Leejec Dog Toys, 2.5

Overview: Leejec’s three-pack of 2.5-inch LED balls targets small-to-medium pups that need boredom relief. Each bounce triggers a 20-second rainbow flash, and the tennis-ball size fits standard throwers.

What Makes It Stand Out: You get three separate colored balls for the cost of one premium brand toy—ideal for multi-dog homes or as backup when one inevitably rolls under the couch at night.

Value for Money: $18.99 ($6.33 each) is cheaper than replacing lost single balls repeatedly, and the non-replaceable battery is rated for 50,000 flashes—roughly six months of daily play before dimming.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros: rubber shell survives 60-lb chewers, flashes long enough to locate in tall grass, floats, comes in gift-ready box. Cons: 2.5-inch diameter too small for large jaws, LED housing can pop out under extreme bites, arrives with slick factory residue needing a wash.

Bottom Line: A smart stocking-stuffer for beagles, corgis, or frenchies. Supervise power-chewing pits, but for most small breeds this three-pack keeps play varied and affordable.



9. HSIGIO 3.5″ Light Up Squeaky Dog Balls,Led Dog Balls 6 Colors for Teething, BPA Free Non-Toxic,Spiky Dogs Ball Durable Toys for Aggressive Chewers Large Medium and Small Dogs Tennis Ball for Dogs

HSIGIO 3.5

Overview: HSIGIO delivers six spiky, squeaky, light-up balls in one budget box. Sized at 3.5 inches, they straddle the line between tennis ball and tough chew, aiming to please teething puppies through adult power chewers.

What Makes It Stand Out: You get six different neon colors, each combining squeaker, LED flash, and dental nubs—effectively merging three toy styles for the price of one Starbucks latte per ball.

Value for Money: $15.99 breaks down to $2.66 each, the lowest per-unit price in the light-up category. Even if your shredder destroys two, you still have four backups plus battery life rated at 10,000 flashes.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros: food-grade TPR withstands aggressive jaws, spikes massage gums, squeak + flash heighten prey drive, easy to rinse clean. Cons: strong rubber odor on arrival, squeaker can shift inside spikes, LED module may separate under 80-lb bite force, random flashing duration.

Bottom Line: Ideal for households that burn through toys weekly. Accept minor quality variance and you’ll bank six durable, night-visible fetch balls for under sixteen dollars total.



10. 6-Pack 3.5” LED Light-Up Squeaky Dog Toy Balls ,Durable Interactive Glow Fetch Toys for Aggressive Chewers,BPA Free Non-Toxic, Spiky Puppy Chew Balls

6-Pack 3.5” LED Light-Up Squeaky Dog Toy Balls ,Durable Interactive Glow Fetch Toys for Aggressive Chewers,BPA Free Non-Toxic, Spiky Puppy Chew Balls

Overview: This six-pack of 3.5-inch LED squeaky balls markets itself as an indestructible, water-floating set engineered for obsessive chewers. Each color-coded sphere flashes on impact and emits a prey-style squeak.

What Makes It Stand Out: The combination of thick TPR walls, internal squeaker, and fully sealed LED module lets the toy survive lake fetch, snow games, and crate gnawing without taking on water or losing brightness.

Value for Money: At $2.66 apiece you’re paying wholesale pricing for features usually split among three separate purchases—glow ball, squeaker ball, and dental chew—saving at least ten dollars versus buying individually.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros: floats in pools, high bounce on asphalt, flashes visible 200 ft, BPA-free, dishwasher-safe. Cons: 3.5-inch size still swallow-able by giant breeds, squeaker may die before LED, neon dye can transfer to light carpets, rubber smell lingers first day.

Bottom Line: Stock your treat cabinet with this pack if you own moderate-to-strong chewers and play anywhere near water. Treat them as semi-consumable, toss worn ones, and you’ll still spend less annually than replacing premium singles.


Why Night Fetch Is Booming in 2025

Urban schedules are stretching later, climate-smart owners are avoiding midday heat, and smart collars are encouraging 24/7 activity tracking. Add in longer summer daylight saving windows and a surge in apartment-dwelling pups, and it’s no wonder night fetch has become the go-to energy burner. A light-up ball is the simplest piece of tech that satisfies both dog and human after-dark exercise quotas without forcing you to rearrange your calendar.

Anatomy of a Light-Up Dog Ball

Inside every glowing sphere you’ll find three core systems: the impact-activated switch, the LED array, and the power cell. The shell must be translucent enough to broadcast light yet tough enough to survive gnashing molars. Premium models add acoustic dampeners so the rattle of internal components doesn’t spook noise-sensitive dogs. Think of it as a miniature lighting rig wrapped in canine-grade armor.

LED vs. Fiber-Optic Glow: Which Tech Wins?

LEDs deliver punchy, color-rich beams that can be seen 300 yards out on a clear night. Fiber-optic filaments create a softer, star-spangled shimmer that’s easier on sensitive eyes but fades faster in open fields. If your dog is a compulsive chaser, the sharper contrast of LEDs keeps them locked on trajectory. For anxious pups, the gentler glow of fiber optics reduces overstimulation.

Impact-Activation vs. Always-On Modes

Impact-activation conserves battery by lighting only when the ball is dropped, thrown, or chomped. Always-on mode doubles as a visibility beacon for off-leash hiking but drains power in hours, not days. Pro tip: look for 2025 motion-detecting chips that switch to “pulse” after 30 seconds of stillness—giving you the safety of always-on without the rapid battery burn.

Battery Life Expectations in 2025 Models

Next-gen lithium-coin cells now last 35–50 continuous hours, roughly 700 five-minute fetch sessions. Solar-inductive charging rings—tiny photovoltaic strips under the shell—can trickle-charge during daylight, extending field life by 15%. Cold weather still slashes efficiency by 30%, so keep a spare in a warm pocket if you’re playing winter fetch.

Waterproofing Ratings Every Owner Should Know

IPX5 handles rain and slobber. IPX7 survives submersion up to one meter—perfect for beach retrieves. If your retriever is a dock-diving fanatic, hunt for IPX8 plus a reinforced charging port gasket. Remember: waterproof doesn’t mean slobber-proof; saliva contains enzymes that can cloud lenses over time. Rinse with fresh water after every outing.

Size & Weight: Matching the Ball to Your Breed

A 2.5-inch diameter suits most medium dogs, but brachycephalic breeds need a 2-inch size they can breathe around. Giant jaws require 3-inch+ spheres to prevent accidental swallowing. Weight matters too: sub-3-ounce balls hang in the air longer for smaller mouths, while 6-ounce versions slice through wind for powerhouse chewers. Balance buoyancy with heft so the toy floats yet still travels distance.

Material Science: TPU, Silicone, or Rubber?

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends bounce with chew toughness and can be recycled at end-of-life. Medical-grade silicone is gentler on teeth but picks up grit that can grind enamel. Natural rubber offers the classic squeaky rebound dogs love, yet it can degrade under UV exposure. 2025 hybrids laminate a TPU core inside a silicone sleeve, giving you the best of both worlds.

Bite-Resistance Scales: Finding the Sweet Spot

Manufacturers now publish “Chew-C” ratings—an ASTM-inspired scale from 1 (gentle play) to 5 (power chewer). A level-3 ball survives 2,000 90-pound compressions before puncture. Don’t overbuy: a level-5 shell is so rigid it can fracture an aggressive chewer’s tooth. Match the rating to your dog’s documented chew style, not wishful thinking.

Visibility Range & Beam Angle Explained

A 180-degree wash lights up the ground around the ball, perfect for short-grass parks. A tight 45-degree beam acts like a tracer bullet, visible to hikers on neighboring trails. New Fresnel lenses bend light into a 360-degree halo so side-angle viewers—like a second dog cutting across the field—can track intercept courses without glare.

Safety Concerns: Heat, Chew Debris, and Battery Leaks

Quality LEDs stay cool, but cheap clusters can reach 110 °F if left on in a parked car. Inspect seams weekly for micro-cracks that could release coin-cell electrolyte—potassium hydroxide is caustic to tongue tissue. Any green crust around the battery housing means immediate retirement. Proactive replacement every 12 months prevents catastrophic failure.

Eco-Friendly Disposal & Recycling Options

TPU and silicone are technically recyclable, but curbside programs rarely accept them. Petco’s 2025 “Glow-Back” bins aggregate spent light-up toys for specialty processing. Remove the battery first: lithium coins go to household hazardous-waste depots, while TPU shells are shredded into playground matting. Buying from brands with prepaid mail-back labels closes the loop.

Training Tips for Introducing a Glowing Toy

Start indoors at dusk with hallway lights dimmed. Let your dog sniff the inert ball, then roll it gently so the LEDs trigger. Mark the moment it lights with a cheerful “yes!” and reward. Gradually move outside, keeping initial throws under 10 feet to build a positive association. If your pup spooks, switch the toy off and revert to daytime fetch until confidence rebounds.

Maintenance Hacks to Extend Lifespan

Store the ball in a breathable mesh bag—not airtight plastic—to prevent condensation around the PCB. Once a month, apply a rice-grain dab of food-safe silicone grease to the gasket; this keeps the seal pliable. Rotate two balls in play: one charging dockside while the other is in action, halving wear on any single unit.

Common Warranty Pitfalls to Avoid

“Lifetime” often means five years and excludes “compulsive chewing.” Save your order email; most brands require original proof plus photos of the failure. Register the serial number within 30 days to activate extended coverage. If the LED module fails but the shell is intact, insist on a component-only replacement—shipping a whole new ball wastes resources and may void eco-credits.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can light-up balls cause seizures in photosensitive dogs?
Ultra-low-frequency strobes (<5 Hz) can trigger episodes. Choose models with steady-glow or slow-fade modes and consult your vet if your dog has a neurological history.

2. How do I know when the battery is about to die?
Most 2025 units flash red twice every 10 seconds once capacity drops below 20%. Keep a spare in your pocket so play doesn’t end abruptly.

3. Are these toys legal in off-leash parks after closing hours?
Municipalities vary: some parks classify LED toys as “electronic devices” and ban them. Check local ordinances to avoid fines.

4. Will cold weather crack the shell?
TPU rated to –20 °C remains pliable, but sudden impacts on frozen ground can still fracture internal solder joints. Warm the ball in your glove for a minute before the first throw.

5. Can I wash the ball in a dishwasher?
Top-rack, no-heat cycle is safe for IPX8 models. Remove the battery first; steam can corrode contacts.

6. Do LEDs attract wildlife?
Nocturnal critters like raccoons may investigate. Stick to red or green diodes—blue and white attract bats and insects, turning fetch into a swarm event.

7. How heavy is too heavy for a puppy?
Follow the 5% rule: toy weight should not exceed 5% of your puppy’s body mass to prevent growth-plate stress.

8. Are solar supplements worth the extra cost?
If you play daily at dawn or dusk, photovoltaic rings recover about 10% charge per sunny day—handy for off-grid hikes, marginal for suburbia.

9. Can the ball double as a visibility beacon for camping?
Yes, hang it from a carabiner in lantern mode (always-on low pulse). Just remember it’s a chew toy first; expect teeth marks on the shell.

10. What’s the biggest mistake first-time buyers make?
Choosing brightness over durability. A 500-lumen strobe is pointless if your dog punctures it on the second chomp. Prioritize Chew-C rating first, lumens second.

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