Every fall, the internet blows up with #PumpkinEverything—lattes, pies, candles… and yes, feline nutrition. But beyond the seasonal hype lies a very real, very science-backed reason pumpkin has become a digestive darling in cat food aisles: soluble fiber that feeds good gut bacteria while gently moving hairballs along, plus a payload of moisture, potassium, and beta-carotene that supports everything from colon pH to urinary health. If you’ve ever watched a chronically constipated cat finally produce a polite, well-formed stool after a diet rotation, you know this orange squash is more than a pretty meme.
Below, we’re diving deep—veterinary-nutritionist deep—into what makes pumpkin-enhanced diets tick, how to decode labels cluttered with marketing buzzwords, and which formulation details separate a genuinely therapeutic formula from a can that simply happens to be orange. Grab a coffee (or a cat-shaped mug of chai), settle in, and let’s future-proof your 2025 shopping strategy.
Top 10 Pumpkin Cat Food
Detailed Product Reviews
1. Weruva Pumpkin Patch Up! Pumpkin Puree Pet Food Supplement for Dogs & Cats, 1.05oz Pouch (Pack of 12)
Overview: Weruva Pumpkin Patch Up! is a clean-label, single-ingredient pumpkin puree that moonlights as a digestive aide for dogs and cats. Sold in 1.05-oz rip-top pouches (12-pack), it’s ready-to-serve and deliberately minimal—just pumpkin and water.
What Makes It Stand Out: The safety résumé is hard to beat—made in a BRC-certified human-food facility, non-BPA pouches, and zero grain, gluten, MSG or carrageenan. Few brands human-grade-proof their pet toppers to this extent or list “family owned for 10 years” up-front.
Value for Money: At $1.04/oz (about ¢15 per pump of fiber) you’re paying juice-bar pricing, but digestive vet visits cost far more. Pouches stay fresh without can-openers or fridge-transfer, so spoiled product waste is almost nil; that justifies the premium over canned pumpkin.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
– Pros: Single-fiber source, fiber without fillers, ultra-portable, safe across species/life stages, doubles as low-cal treat.
– Cons: Price-per-ounce tops grocery pumpkin three-fold; tear-off top spritzes if you squeeze too hard; picky pets may reject plain pumpkin’s earthy note.
Bottom Line: Keep a carton on hand for routine gut maintenance, diarrhea triage, or hair-ball assistance. It’s overkill as a daily topper, yet indispensable as vet-in-a-pouch insurance for multi-pet households.
2. Tiki Cat Aloha Friends Variety Pack, Meaty Flavors Mixed with Pumpkin, Wet, High-Protein & High-Moisture Cat Food, For All Life Stages, 2.5 oz. Pouch (Pack of 12)
Overview: Tiki Cat Aloha Friends Variety Pack spins five shredded-meat-and-pumpkin recipes into twelve 2.5-oz pouches, delivering high-protein, high-moisture meals that stay grain-free and life-stage compliant. It’s the feline equivalent of a hydration-focused tasting menu.
What Makes It Stand Out: Competitors lean on mystery loaf; here you see actual protein strands—tuna, chicken, salmon—swimming in pumpkin-augmented consommé. Portion-controlled pouches snap open sans can openers, so food hits the bowl faster than a cat can meow.
Value for Money: Cost per ounce hovers at ¢57, landing between grocery cans and boutique B.F.F.—a sweet spot for owners who want “I can see what it is” quality without the boutique tax. A case replaces two cans per day for most 8-lb cats, so sticker shock is modest provided you value moisture for urinary health.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
– Pros: Visible muscle meat, high moisture cuts urinary risk, five flavors ward off boredom, pumpkin lends gentle fiber; no grains, potatoes, carrageenan or artificial junk.
– Cons: Only 2.5-oz per pouch—big cats need two and packaging waste doubles; some formulations are tuna-forward, raising mercury/iodine concerns for long-term feeding.
Bottom Line: Rotate this pack into any cat’s menu when hydration or digestive regularity is a worry. It’s pricey to feed exclusively, yet the cheapest insurance against FLUTD that still feels like gourmet surf-and-turf to your kitty.
3. Tiki Cat Tummy Topper, Pumpkin Recipe Puree, Formulated to Support Healthy Digestion, Mousse Cat Food Topper, 1.5 oz. Pouch (12 Count)
Overview: Tiki Cat Tummy Topper is a mousse-style gut booster: a 1.5-oz pillow-pack of pumpkin puree jazzed with wheatgrass. Sold 12 to a carton, it’s designed to squeeze over kibble or medicine yet remain lickable enough for solo snacking.
What Makes It Stand Out: While plain pumpkin is everywhere, wheatgrass is the cat-friendly wildcard here—rich in chlorophyll and enzymes thought to soothe upset stomachs. The airy mousse texture layers better than dense puree, letting even gravy-averse cats lap it off the floor.
Value for Money: Mid-tier at ¢86/oz—about 30 ¢ pricier per serving than Weruva’s plain pumpkin, but still cheaper than most digestive pastes. Pouches are small enough that nothing dries out in the fridge (good news for the “lick half and walk away” crowd).
Strengths and Weaknesses:
– Pros: Fiber + grass curb hair-balls and diarrhea, single-serve convenience, adds 90% water to meals, non-GMO, no carrageenan or fillers.
– Cons: 1.5-oz empties fast on multi-cat homes; wheatgrass aroma can bomb a white carpet if regurgitated; markup from plain pumpkin may feel steep for what amounts to blended veggies.
Bottom Line: A classy, almost medicinal condiment for sensitive tummies. Use it to tempt reluctant eaters or as periodic hair-ball maintenance, not as primary nutrition; for that niche it earns and keeps cabinet space.
4. Weruva Cats in The Kitchen, Pumpkin Jack Splash with Tuna in Pumpkin Soup Cat Food, 3oz Pouch (Pack of 12)
Overview: Weruva Cats in the Kitchen – Pumpkin Jack Splash marries wild tuna flakes with silky pumpkin broth in 3-oz tear-off pouches. Sold by the dozen, it flaunts a stew-like appearance positioned between soup and entrée—perfect for cats demanding surf cuisine minus heavy gravy.
What Makes It Stand Out: The protein is flaked, not minced, so you’ll identify fish immediately; the broth is thin yet shimmered with soluble fiber from pumpkin, helping sensitive systems without feeling like baby food. Human-food-facility production and BRC certification mean every batch faces the same audits that protect human diners.
Value for Money: At ¢60/oz it lands below boutique cans, above store brands. You’re partly paying for sustainability paperwork—wild tuna sourcing and dolphin-safe policies—but that transparency equates to traceability pet parents crave.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
– Pros: High-grade tuna appearance, low-fat, low-ash, grain/GMO/carrageenan-free, skin-and-coat omega boost, easy-open no-can lids.
– Cons: Tuna-heavy lines risk mercury accumulation over months; pumpkin broth leaks easily if you snip recklessly; cats with fish allergies are out of luck.
Bottom Line: Serve as a rotational mixer rather than an everyday staple; it buys urinary hydration, digestive calm and feline approval faster than you can say “pumpkin soup.” For the quality and safety record, the price is completely sane.
5. Tiki Cat Aloha Friends Variety Pack, Seafood Flavors with Pumpkin, Wet, High-Protein & High-Moisture Cat Food, For All Life Stages, 3 oz. Cans (Pack of 12)
Overview: Tiki Cat Aloha Friends Seafood Variety (3-oz cans, 12-pack) swaps the brand’s usual pouches for tin armor, delivering tuna-, salmon- or ocean-whitefish-centric meals blended with fiber-rich pumpkin. All life-stage nutrition stays intact—just in a more economical can format.
What Makes It Stand Out: There’s no liver, by-product or gummy starch—the label looks almost like a grocery list you’d assemble yourself. Tiki’s trademark hand-packed whole meat chunks survive the canning process, turning dinner into recognizable seafood salad.
Value for Money: At ¢47/oz it’s the thriftiest entrée in this review—about 20% cheaper than the same recipes in 2.5-oz pouches. The steel can slashes packaging costs and storage oxygen, giving owners of frequent feeders palpable relief.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
– Pros: Visible seafood, high moisture, moderate pumpkin fiber, low carbohydrate, grain-free, palatability stays sky-high; price-per-can undercuts most mid-tier brands.
– Cons: You’ll need a can-opener and fridge transfer for leftovers; cans dent or rust if stored damp; tuna-first formulas again invite mercury micromanagement.
Bottom Line: If you’ve already accepted canned life, this seafood variety brings premium visuals to a mid-tier budget. Rotate with land-protein meals and you’ll keep your cat hydrated, regular and convinced you’re running a seaside bistro from your kitchen.
6. CARU – Daily Dish Pumpkin Broth Meal Topper for Dogs & Cats – Savory Pour-Over Broth – 1.1 lbs.
Overview: CARU’s Daily Dish Pumpkin Broth is a low-calorie, pour-on meal enhancer designed for both dogs and cats. The 1.1-lb resealable pouch delivers a light, aromatic pumpkin stock that can be drizzled over kibble, freeze-dried nuggets, or served solo as a warming mid-day “tea.”
What Makes It Stand Out: At only $3.90 per pound it’s one of the most economical hydration boosters on the market; the single-ingredient clarity (pumpkin + water) means even allergy-prone pets usually tolerate it. The ultra-light broth doesn’t add significant calories, making it ideal for weight-managed seniors.
Value for Money: A little goes a long way—¼ cup per meal gives 7–8 servings per pouch, working out to roughly 54¢ per use. That’s cheaper than most commercial goat-milk toppers and far less messy than homemade stock.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: resealable pouch lasts a week in the fridge; no onion, garlic, or salt; encourages reluctant drinkers.
Cons: thin consistency won’t stick to puzzle feeders; some cats find the scent too subtle; pouch can spurt if squeezed hard.
Bottom Line: A wallet-friendly, allergen-safe hydrator that turns ordinary kibble into a fragrant stew—keep a pouch on hand for post-vet appetite slumps or hot-weather fluid support.
7. Weruva Wet Cat Food, Pumpkin Patch Pack Variety Pack, 3oz Can (Pack of 12)
Overview: Weruva’s Pumpkin Patch Pack delivers twelve 3-oz cans rotating among three silky, pumpkin-forward flavors—Funky Chunky chicken soup, Meow Luau mackerel & pumpkin, and Grandma’s Chicken Soup—each fortified with high-moisture broth.
What Makes It Stand Out: The brand’s “human-food” BRCGS-certified facility means the chunks of skinless breast and mackerel flakes look plate-ready; pumpkin fiber firms stools without resorting to gums or carrageenan. Variety keeps finicky cats interested over the full case.
Value for Money: At 67¢/oz it sits mid-range between grocery-aisle gruel and boutique small-batch cans. Considering you’re getting identifiable meat—not anonymous “meat by-products”—the price aligns with premium grocery store tuna.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: genuinely shredded meat texture; grain/gluten/carrageenan free; easy-open pull tabs; pumpkin aids hairball transit.
Cons: broth-to-meat ratio leans watery—hungry males may need two cans; darker mackerel scent can linger on whiskers; plastic ring not recyclable everywhere.
Bottom Line: A case rotation that lets seasoned pet parents feed restaurant-grade protein while gently regulating digestion—worth the splurge for multi-cat households battling hairball surprises.
8. Tiki Cat Solutions Topper Multipack, Tummy Topper, Pumpkin Recipe in Broth, 1.5 oz. Pouch (12 Count)
Overview: Tiki Cat’s Tummy Topper multipack contains twelve 1.5-oz pouches of velvety pumpkin–wheatgrass puree intended as a between-meal treat or kibble crown. The grain-free recipe adds trace wheatgrass for antioxidant uplift without cereal fillers.
What Makes It Stand Out: Single-serve squeeze pouches eliminate fridge storage and cross-contamination worries; the ultra-smooth texture disguises medications or powdered supplements better than chunkier alternatives. Wheatgrass inclusion offers chlorophyll for breath control.
Value for Money: 86¢ per ounce positions it as a specialty treat rather than dietary staple, yet each pouch stretches across two feline snacks or one large-dog kibble coating, softening the sticker shock.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: portable for travel; no added salt or gums; tear notch opens cleanly; pumpkin soothes upset tummies fast.
Cons: runnier than photo implies—can puddle in bowl; wheatgrass aroma deters some picky eaters; outer carton not resealable once opened.
Bottom Line: A convenient gut-calming micro-treat for on-the-go pet parents or show cats needing quick digestive insurance—stock a few pouches in the glove box and the show tote.
9. Weruva Wet Cat Food, Who Wants to be a Meowionaire with Chicken and Pumpkin Pate, 3oz Can, Pack of 12
Overview: Weruva’s Slide N Serve “Who Wants to be a Meowionaire” is a 12-can case of chicken-and-pumpkin pate so creamy it literally slithers out of the can in one molded loaf—no scraping required.
What Makes It Stand Out: The pate’s high moisture (85%) supports urinary health while staying low in phosphorus, magnesium, and ash—key specs for kidney-conscious vets. Cage-free chicken and pumpkin are the first two ingredients, giving owners ingredient transparency.
Value for Money: At 58¢/oz it undercuts many therapeutic urinary foods by 20–30¢/oz without sacrificing human-grade processing standards.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: velvety texture ideal for seniors with dental issues; single-hand opening; carrageenan & grain free; low mineral load.
Cons: loaf can seem “jellified” to cats used to shredded fare; subtle smell may not entice strong hunters; cans dent occasionally in shipping.
Bottom Line: A vet-recommended urinary diet alternative that slides onto the plate with zero mess—perfect for older cats needing hydration plus controlled minerals without the clinical prescription price.
10. I and love and you Feed Meow Tummy Wet Cat Food – Tuna + Pumpkin – Digestion Support, Grain Free, Shredded, 3oz Pack of 12
Overview: “I and love and you” Feed Meow Tummy blends shredded, wild-caught tuna with fiber-rich pumpkin and prebiotic inulin to create a digestion-focused, grain-free wet food in twelve easy-peel 3-oz cups.
What Makes It Stand Out: The shredded—not flaked—tuna offers visible meat strands that satisfy texture-driven felines while pumpkin plus prebiotics tag-team hairball and gut-health support. A humble 43¢/oz makes it the cheapest pumpkin-inclusive wet food in the showdown.
Value for Money: Competing tuna varieties often exceed 55¢/oz; here you’re gaining functional fiber and hydration for roughly the cost of grocery-store glop.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: high palatability across life stages; pull-off foil no can-opener needed; generous broth keeps kidneys flushed; no grains, carrageenan, or fillers.
Cons: tuna-forward recipe isn’t ideal for urinary-crystal-prone males long-term; pull-tab can splash; fish scent clings to trash.
Bottom Line: A budget-friendly, stool-firming seafood option that even gravy-addicted cats convert to—rotate with poultry flavors for a complete, fiber-supported menu.
Why Pumpkin Has Become the Go-To Digestive Aid for Cats
Cats are obligate carnivores, yet their gut microbiota still thrives on fermentable fibers—especially the mucilage-rich type found in pumpkin flesh. These fibers act like a broom for the small intestine, slowing things down when mom’s dealing with diarrhea, or speeding things up when dad’s straining in the litter box. Add the natural prebiotic pectins that feed beneficial Bifidobacterium species and you’ve got a low-calorie, low-ash ingredient that tackles both ends of the GI speed spectrum without spiking blood glucose.
The Science of Fiber: Soluble vs. Insoluble in Pumpkin
Pumpkin isn’t just “fiber”; it’s a ratio. Roughly one-third soluble (dissolves in water, forms a gel that regulates glucose and steadies stool) and two-thirds insoluble (adds bulk, hydrates the colon, mechanically sweeps hair). The trick for manufacturers is hitting the sweet spot—too much soluble and you create a marshmallow-soft stool parade; too much insoluble and you’re back to painful, gritty constipation. Look for guaranteed-analysis statements that list crude fiber between 3–6% on a dry-matter basis; that range usually signals the balanced ratio most cats tolerate.
Moisture Matters: How Pumpkin Boosts Hydration Without OTC Syringe Battles
Dehydration silently sabotages digestive health: dry fecal matter cracks, hurts, and can trigger megacolon in senior cats. Pumpkin’s 90%+ natural moisture content acts like a built-in water fountain. When it’s baked into kibble via slow-infusion extrusion (yes, that’s a real 2025 tech), the final product can carry 12–14% moisture instead of the usual 6–8%, cutting renal workload in half and turning dusty brown bits into aromatic, squishy kernels cats actually crave.
Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Postbiotics: Pumpkin’s Role in the Gut Microbiome Trifecta
The pectin in pumpkin is a classic prebiotic—think of it as compost for good bacteria. Once fermented, those bacteria excrete short-chain fatty acids (postbiotics) that nourish colonocytes, lower local pH, and curb pathogenic Salmonella or Clostridium overgrowth. When you see “pumpkin + Bacillus coagulans” on a label, you’re looking at a synbiotic marriage: the squash feeds the spore-forming probiotic so it can germinate, multiply, and produce butyrate rather than flatulence.
Wet vs. Dry: Which Format Delivers Pumpkin Benefits More Effectively
Wet foods already win on hydration, so any added pumpkin is a bonus waterfall. The caveat? Heat-sensitive vitamins like beta-carotene can oxidize during retort sterilization (that 250°F canning process). Premium 2025 brands now use cold-fill aseptic packaging or pumpkin powder added post-cook to preserve carotenoid potency. Dry foods, on the other hand, need pumpkin puree injected at the pre-extrusion stage so the fiber survives the short, high-pressure cook without caramelizing into useless sugar.
Reading the Guaranteed Analysis: Label Red Flags & Gold Standards
Flip every bag or can. First, convert every nutrient to dry-matter (DM) if the food is wet—multiply by 4 if it’s 75% moisture. Aim for: crude fiber 3–6% DM, fat 12–20% DM (too little fat aggravates hairballs), ash ≤7% DM (protects kidneys), and phosphorus ≤1.1% DM for seniors. Spot the red flag “pumpkin flavor” or “pumpkin product”─those terms legally allow ≤1% actual squash. Instead, hunt for “pumpkin,” “pumpkin puree,” or “dried pumpkin” within the first five ingredients.
Organic, Non-GMO, and Glyphosate-Residue Testing: Does It Matter for Pumpkin?
Cats lack liver enzymes to detox many herbicides. In 2025, the Clean Label Project found glyphosate residues in 38% of conventional pumpkin pet-food ingredients. Certified organic pumpkin isn’t automatically residue-free, but it undergoes mandatory rotational crop audits and soil testing. If your cat has chronic IBD or eosinophilic enteritis, the premium for organic/raw-run pumpkin may pay for itself in fewer steroid prescriptions.
Caloric Density & Portion Control: Avoiding the “Pumpkin Made My Cat Fat” Trap
Pumpkin itself is low-cal, but the fat-dense duck, salmon, or cheese chunks often swimming alongside it are not. A therapeutic digestive diet should land around 3.5–4.5 kcal/g DM. Use a gram scale, not a cup: fiber displaces volume, so the same scoop can deliver 15% more calories if the kibble is pumpkin-enriched and fat-coated. Automatic feeders with microchip access are 2025’s easiest hack for multi-cet households.
Life-Stage Customization: Kittens, Adults, and Seniors Have Different Fiber Needs
Kittens need 5–8% DM fiber to stabilize still-developing pancreatic enzymes, but calcium-phosphorus ratios must stay at 1.2–1.4:1 to protect growth plates. Senior cats prone to constipation benefit from 6–7% DM fiber plus added omega-3s to cool intestinal inflammation. Always match the bag’s AAFCO statement to your cat’s age—not just the pumpkin percentage.
Food Allergies, IBD, and Novel Proteins: Working Around Tummy Trouble Triggers
Pumpkin is hypoallergenic—rarely a culprit in adverse food reactions—but the chicken or beef it’s paired with might be. For IBD cats in elimination trials, insist on single-protein, pumpkin-supplemented diets using rabbit, venison, or even invasive Asian carp (yes, that’s a sustainable 2025 option). Conduct 8-week strict exclusion before declaring victory; fiber can mask microbiome shifts for the first 3–4 weeks.
Transition Strategies: Safely Rotating to a Pumpkin-Based Diet Without GI Chaos
Cats are creatures of metabolic habit. Swap food too quickly and you’ll trade last week’s constipation for this week’s Jackson Pollock diarrhea mural. Use a 10-day staircase: 10% new on days 1–2, 20% on days 3–4, jump to 50% by day 6, 80% by day 8, 100% by day 10. If stools turn cow-pie at any step, drop back one tier for 48h and add a pinch of psyllium (1/8 tsp) to bind excess water.
Common Additives to Avoid: Carrageenan, Guar Gum, and Excessive Starch Fillers
High-fiber pumpkin allows brands to brag about “grain-free” while quietly dumping in tapioca, potato, or pea starch to hit extrusion textures. Result: 25%+ carbs that feed gut dysbiosis and obese waistlines. Likewise, carrageenan—still legal in 2025—can exacerbate IBD inflammation. Look for pumpkin-puree gels stabilized with agar-agar or tonic-cellulose gums instead.
Budget vs. Premium: Understanding Price Per Nutrient Rather Than Price Per Bag
A $42 5-lb bag with 4 400 kcal/lb and 93% nutrient bio-availability actually costs less per gram of usable protein than a $28 10-lb bag padded with 40% carb fillers. Calculate cost per 100 kcal digestible energy, then divide by the fiber percentage you need. That mental math usually justifies the artisanal pumpkin diet your vet keeps pinning on Instagram.
Storage and Shelf-Life: Keeping Pumpkin Fresh Once the Can or Bag Is Open
Oxygen is fiber’s enemy. After opening, transfer canned pumpkin food to a glass jar, top with a ¼-inch olive-oil float to seal out air, refrigerate ≤72h. For kibble, buy the 2-lb nitrogen-flushed refill packs, squeeze out air, freeze half, and keep the rest in an opaque gamma-sealed bucket at ≤70°F. Vitamin A losses accelerate above 80°F—garages in Phoenix need not apply.
Veterinary Oversight: When to Consult a Professional Before Switching Diets
Persistent vomiting >48h, black tarry stools, or tenesmus (straining with no output) aren’t fixed by pumpkin alone; they’re red alerts for intussusception, neoplasia, or pancreatitis. Likewise, diabetic cats on glargine insulin require dose adjustments when soluble fiber suddenly flattens their glucose curve. Telemedicine vet nutritionists (many now AI-augmented) can crunch numbers for less than the cost of an ER enema—use them.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can I just feed my cat pure canned pumpkin from the grocery aisle?
Yes, but only 100% pure puree with no spices, and limit to 1 tsp per 10 lb body weight per day; otherwise you dilute essential nutrients and risk vitamin A excess over time.
2. How fast will I see digestive improvement—hours, days, or weeks?
Soft stools may firm up within 24–48h, while hairball regurgitation often drops by week 2; microbiome recalibration can take a full 4–6 weeks.
3. Is there such a thing as too much pumpkin for cats?
Absolutely. Chronic over-supplementation (>20% diet) can bind minerals like iron and zinc, leading to microcytic anemia or dull coat.
4. Are pumpkin seeds included in cat foods, and do they help with parasites?
Some formulas grind seeds for their cucurbitacin content, thought to paralyze intestinal worms mildly, but the concentration is too low to replace prescription dewormers.
5. Does pumpkin change urine pH or cause urinary crystals?
Pumpkin is mildly alkalinizing due to potassium citrate; in predisposed cats, monitor urine pH after 2 weeks to ensure it doesn’t rise above 7.0 and foster struvite.
6. Is pumpkin safe for cats with diabetes?
Yes, the soluble fiber can stabilize post-prandial spikes, but always re-check blood glucose curves and adjust insulin with your vet—hypoglycemia can sneak up fast.
7. Will pumpkin diets reduce hairballs better than petroleum-based gels?
Fiber-powered elimination works more naturally by moving fur through the colon, whereas gels slide clumps upward for vomiting—choose your cleanup preference.
8. Can kittens eat pumpkin-enhanced foods from weaning age?
Provided the formula is AAFCO-certified for growth, pumpkin is safe and can even ease the dietary transition from mother’s milk to solid proteins.
9. What’s the environmental impact of pumpkin farming for pet food?
Look for brands sourcing cull pumpkins (cosmetically imperfect) from human-food streams; upcycling reduces landfill methane and lowers carbon paw-print by ~18%.
10. My cat hates the texture—any hacks to boost palatability?
Warm the food to feline body temperature (101.5°F), spritz with hydrolyzed chicken broth, or crumble a trace of dried bonito flakes on top—umami overrides squash skepticism 90% of the time.